EDU-05.8: Pedagogic Content Knowledge Analysis: Physical Science

EDU-05.8

PEDAGOGIC CONTENT KNOWLEDGE ANALYSIS: PHYSICAL SCIENCE

Topic: Teaching skills

Submitted to: Chinmayi.S

Submitted by: Emila Joy

                         Physical Science

                         Semester-1

Date                :16/08/2019

TEACHING SKILLS

"One book, one pen, one child and one teacher change the world". Teacher influence the lives of students much more significantly than we imagine. A teacher with the right skills inspires and influence entire student lives. They are instruments who can ignite powerful thoughts in students, helping them unleash their true potential. To bring about such longstanding impacts, it is important for teachers to have certain skills.

Teaching is the art of blending knowledge, art, science and creativity. It constitutes a number of verbal and nonverbal acts aiming at specific objectives and performed with an intension to facilitate pupils learning can be called a teaching skill. 

A professional teacher should indentify what all are the skills needed and should practice to master those skills. Professionals will always have some skills which are present in them, which they have acquired through special training and practice.

Dr. Passi (1976) has described the following teaching skills:-

• Introducing a lesson

• Writing on blackboard

• Fluency in questioning

• Probing questions

• Explaining

• Illustrating with examples

• Stimulus variation

• Reinforcement

• Demonstration

• Evaluation

Skill of set induction

The skill of introducing a lesson involves establishing rapports with the learners, promoting their attentions and exposing them to essential contents concerned with beginning or imitating the lesson. If the introduction is interesting and motivating, there are more chances of the lesson being effective.

Component skills:-

• Preliminary attention gaining

• Use of previous knowledge

• Use of appropriate devices

• Explicit link with the content

Skill of blackboard writing

Blackboards being visual aids are used in all sectors of education and training, and are most suitable for giving a wholistic picture of the lesson. A good blackboard work brings clearness in perception and the concepts being taught, and adds variety to the lesson. A teacher should write systematically and effectively on a blackboard. An organised blackboard helps to communicate clearly the relevant content

Component skills:-

• Legibility

• Utilisation of space

• Blackboard summary

• Correctness

• Position of the teacher

• Contact with pupils

Skill of questioning

The purpose of questioning as one of the important teaching skills is to establish cognitive and affective rapport with the learners and to discover what they already know to maintain their interest and attentions to encourage creative thinking on their part and to assist them to overcome difficulties

Questioning has two aspects ie, fluency in questioning and probing questioning. Fluency in questioning refers to the rate of meaningful questions asked per unit time.

Components of the skill:-

• Clarity

• Concise

• Relevancy

• Pacing

• Voice

• Speed

Skill of stimulus variation

Stimulus variation is described as a deliberate change in the behaviour of the teacher in order to sustain the attention of his learners throughout the lessons. This helps in securing and sustaining pupils attention and leads to greater interest and achievement.

Components of the skill:-

• Focusing

• Movements

• Gestures

• Voice modulation

• Change in interaction style

• Pausing

• Oral-visual switching

Skill of explaining

Explaining involves the ability of the teacher to describe logically 'how?’, 'why?’ and 'what?’ of an idea or concept, phenomena or event. Explanation is nothing but a few interrelated statements.

Components of the skill:-

• Initial statement

• Use explaining links

• Brevity

• Interpreting pupils cues

• Use of illustration

• Testing pupils understanding

Skill of demonstration

In the teaching-learning process many times, a teacher has to demonstrate the happenings of a particular event or phenomenon, the working of an apparatus, machine or model functioning of a living or non living object or its parts.

Components of the skill:-

• Relevant to topic

• Creation of appropriate situation

• Adequacy of manipulative skills

• Pupils participation

• Appropriateness of the demonstration work

• Ability to draw inferences

Skill of probing questioning

Questioning is a powerful device. Through this the teacher transacts a lot of learning experiences. Probing questioning refers to going deep into a pupils response by asking a series of subsequent questions. It is essentially a teacher controlled device for appraising students to desired goals.

Components of the skill:-

• Prompting

• Seeking further information

• Refocusing

• Redirected questions

• Increasing critical awareness

Skill of illustrating with examples

A teacher who feel difficulty in making the pupils understand an abstract idea, concept by illustrating with examples helps his work easy.

Components of the skill:-

• Formulating relevant examples

• Formulating simple examples

• Formulating intresting examples

• Using appropriate media for examples

• Make use of inductive-deductive approach

Skill of reinforcement

Reinforcement as a technique belongs to the area of psychology of learning and helps in influencing the responses of the learner. There are two types of reinforcement.

• Positive reinforcement

• Negative reinforcement

       The skill of reinforcement is defined as the art of learning the judicious and effective use of reinforces by a teacher for influencing the pupils behaviour in the desired direction directed towards pupils participation for realising the better results in the teaching-learning process.

Components of the skill:-

• Use of positive verbal reinforcers

• Use of positive nonverbal reinforcers

• Use of extra verbal reinforcers

• Use of negative verbal reinforcers

• Wrong use of reinforcement

Skill of promoting pupil participation

This is defined as an art and technique of managing teaching-learning situations including the behaviour of the participants, in such a way as to maximise pupil participation. The  skill includes activities on the part of the pupils and teacher both.

Components of the skill:-

• Creating

• Questioning

• Pausing and nonverbal cues

• Inspiring pupil participation

Skill of evaluation

Evaluation is a major function that a teacher has to perform. It could be of the formative sort wherein you evaluate during the course of teaching. Evaluation could be summative wherein you evaluate after you have finished teaching. Practice of teaching is not complete without some form of evaluation.

Components of the skill:-

• Recognising and assessing students

• Objective specific evaluation

• Diagnosing problems

• Providing remedial measures

• Encouraging self evaluation

• Evaluation in application level

Reference: 

Slideshare

Science education textbook- 

Dr T.K.Mathew, Dr T.M.Mollykutty